Quoted Speech sifatnya aktif, sedangkan Reported Speech Pasif.
Contoh:
Quoted Speech (EXACT) | Reported Speech (Not EXACT) |
Joshua said, "I love eating chocolate ice cream after dinner." | Joshua said that he loved eating chocolate ice cream after dinner. |
How are quoted speech and reported speech different? There are 5 things that are different:
- Quoted speech has quotation marks; reported speech does not use quotation marks.
- In reported speech, the pronoun often changes. For example, in the above sentence with quoted speech the pronoun I is used, whereas the sentence with reported speech uses the pronoun he.
- In reported speech, the word that is often used after said, but that is optional.
- Quoted speech is exactly what the person said.
- The verb in reported speech is changed to the past; some modal verbs do not change. There are rules to follow when changing the verb. Please see the chart below.
Contoh:
Quoted Speech (EXACT) | Reported Speech (NOT EXACT) | Note |
Jordan said, "I cook rice every day." | Jordan said that she cooked rice every day. | |
Jordan said, "I am cooking rice." | Jordan said that she was cooking rice. | |
Jordan said, "I cooked rice." | Jordan said that she had cooked rice. | The past tenses all use had + past participle. To see a list of irregular past participles, click here. |
Jordan said, "I have cooked rice." | Jordan said that she had cooked rice. | The past tenses all use had + past participle. To see a list of irregular past participles, click here. |
Jordan said, "I had cooked rice." | Jordan said that she had cooked rice. | The past tenses all use had + past participle. To see a list of irregular past participles, click here. |
Jordan said, "I will cook rice." | Jordan said that she would cook rice. | |
Jordan said, "I am going to cook rice." | Jordan said that she was going to cook rice. | |
Jordan said, "I can cook rice." | Jordan said that she could cook rice. | |
Jordan said, "I may cook rice." | Jordan said that she might cook rice. | |
Jordan said, "I must cook rice." | Jordan said that she had to cook rice. | |
Jordan said, "I have to cook rice." | Jordan said that she had to cook rice. | |
Jordan said, "I should cook rice." | Jordan said that she should cook rice. | These modals do not change when used in reported speech. |
Jordan said, "I might cook rice." | Jordan said that she might cook rice. | |
Jordan says, "I cook rice every day." | Jordan says that she cooks rice every day." | When you use the words say, has said, or will say (not said), the verb tense remains the same for both the quoted speech and reported speech. |
Jordan has said, "I cook rice every day. | Jordan has said that she cooks rice every day." | When you use the words say, has said, or will say (not said), the verb tense remains the same for both the quoted speech and reported speech. |
Jordan said, "Cook rice." | Jordan told me to cook rice. | |
Jordan will say, "I cook rice every day." | Jordan will say that she cooks rice every day." | When you use the words say, has said, or will say (not said), the verb tense remains the same for both the quoted speech and reported speech. |
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